A ratio is a comparison between two things relative to each other.  For example, if a group of students has 3 girls and 5 boys, then within the group the ratio of girls to boys is 3 to 5.  Or, if one student has 21 books and another has 26 books, then the ratio between the amount of books of the first student to the amount of books of the second student is 21 to 26.