Around 3000 BC settlements began to appear in small groups around the Nile River and a small fertile area around the Nile that we now call the Nile River Valley. These settlements were found almost nowhere else in Northern Africa at this period in time because the surrounding dry deserts lacked the necessities for permanent settlements such as water and fertile soil. The Nile provided both of these things for the Ancient Egyptians, and without it, permanent settlements would have been almost impossible.
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