abolitionists

a person who supported the movement to give slaves their freedom before and during the American Civil War


affirm

to state that something is a fact


affirmative

statement of agreement


apalled

greatly distressed; terribly upset; dismayed


astonishing

amazing


Babylon

City from Old Testament Biblical days


barbarity

violent and cruel

 


bequeathed

to pass something down to another; to give something to another


biting

wounding or cutting; in this case it is used as a figure of speech; example biting words


blasphemy

speaking about God in a negative way


blasting

to attack with words


bombast

talking or writing in which the speaker/writer tries to sound more grand than they really are


brutes

violent; animal like; cruel


canopy

something that hangs above something else; in this case heaven in the sky hanging above the earth


cleave

to cut or split


conceded

to admit defeat or wrongness


creed

ideas or beliefs that a person holds, usually refers to religious beliefs


cunning

crafty, untruthful, tricky

 


cyphering

refers in this case to skill in math


denounce

to say something or someone is wrong in their actions or words


denunciation

to publicly speak out against something or someone


despotisms

a type of government where one person has complete power over the country


devout

being very religious


disparity

when things are not equal among different groups of people


eloquently

being able to speak well, in an intelligent way


enactment

performing an act


entitled

having the right to


equivocate

to talk in a way that is misleading


fetters

chains with cuffs around the wrists and ankles that were used to keep slaves from running away


flay

to remove the skin from something


grievous

doing something that makes someone be afraid or nervous

 


gross

complete; a large amount of


hypocrisy

prentending to feel one way about something when you really feel another way


illuminated

to light up; to cast light on something


impiety

doing sinful or wrong things


impudence

very rude; acting in an offensive way


irony

saying something that means something else


irrecoverable

can't get it back; can't be fixed


jubilant

feeling great happiness and joy


jubilee

a celebration


lament

sorrow, regret, grief about something


mirth

gladness, happiness


mockery

to make fun of something or someone in a negative way


monarchies

countries or kingdoms ruled by a king or queen


obdurate

refusing to change your mind about something even if it is hurtful to others


pale

not as important as something else


perpetuate

to cause or make something happen


persuade

to try to make someone change their mind about something


plaintive

sad or pitiful sounding


proclaimed

to say something in a sure manner


propiety

well-behaved, well-mannered


rebuke

to scold someone because of something they have said or done


reproach

to blame, to show someone that you are unhappy with their behavior


roused

to wake someone up or to cause excitement


sacrilegious

not having interest or belief in something that is supposed to be sacred (holy or important)


scorching

to say or do something in a way that causes pain or distress; to say something in a 'burning' way


servitude

to be forced to serve someone


sham

something that is not what it is supposed to be; trickery


solemnity

acting or being dignified


solemnly

sadly, seriously


statute

a government created law


stolid

not excitable, not easily upset


sunder

to break apart


tumultuous

commontion, confusion; loud and disordered


withering

dry and shriveling; saying something to someone that makes them feel awful


Zion

Jerusalem; another biblical reference in the speech