Writing a Research Paper:
A Guide for Kids Who Don't Like to Write
By Debbie Nelson
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Intro
3 -
Step 1 - Copy and Paste
5 -
Step 2 - Cut What Is NOT Important
7 -
Step 3 - Color Code Different Sources
8 -
Step 5 - Rough Outline
11 -
Step 6 - Copy and Paste the Notes into the Outline
12 -
Step 7 - Write the Rough Draft
13 -
Step 8 - Delete the Notes in the Rough Draft
14 -
Step 9 - Edit Your Paper
15 -
Step 10 - Final "Works Cited" List
16 -
Conclusion
17
Hi,
I have been a teacher for many years and have noticed that a lot of students feel terribly overwhelmed by research papers. Sometimes it is because they don’t know where to begin, and sometimes it is because handwriting is hard for them. Others are confused by taking information from different books and websites and reorganizing it into logical paragraphs.
Over the years I have developed a method of copying and pasting digital information, deleting the information that is NOT important, and then copying and pasting it back into an outline to reorganize. I’ve found this is especially helpful for kids who hate to write. They often feel more comfortable with a computer keyboard than a pencil.
I hope this digital booklet can help make research papers as easy as 10, 9, 8, …, 3, 2, 1, Blastoff!!!
Sincerely,
Mrs. Nelson
PS. I used an assignment my 4th graders had as an example for this research paper. One student had to report on the Clothing of the Abenaki tribes in Northeast America.
Research Project: Step 1 – Copy and paste all information from sources into a blank document (Google Doc, Microsoft Doc, etc.)
1. Native Americans Clothing
History >> Native Americans for Kids
Native American clothing prior to the arrival of Europeans was different depending on the tribe and the climate where the tribe lived. However, there were some general similarities.
What materials did they use?
The primary material used by Native Americans in their clothing was made from animal hides. Generally they used the hides of the animals they hunted for food. Many tribes such as the Cherokee and Iroquois used deerskin. While the Plains Indians, who were bison hunters, used buffalo skin and the Inuit from Alaska used seal or caribou skin.
Some tribes learned how to make clothing from plants or weaving thread. These included the Navajo and Apache, who learned how to make woven blankets and tunics, and the Seminole of Florida.
How did they make the clothes?
All of their clothes were made by hand. The women would generally make the clothes. First they would tan the animal skin. Tanning is a process that would turn the animal skin into leather which would last a long time and not decompose. Then they would need to cut and sew the leather into a piece of clothing.
Decorations
Often times clothing would be decorated. The Native Americans would use feathers, animal fur such as ermine or rabbit, porcupine quills, and, after the Europeans arrived, glass beads to decorate their clothes.
What clothing did the men wear?
Most Native American men wore a breechcloth. This was just a piece of material that they tucked into a belt that would cover the front and back. In many areas, especially areas with warm climates, this was all the men wore. In cooler climates, and in the winter, the men would wear leggings to cover up and keep their legs warm. Many men went shirtless throughout much of the year, only wearing cloaks when it got very cold. The Plains Indian men were known for their elaborate and decorated war shirts.
What clothing did Native American women wear?
The Native American women generally wore skirts and leggings. Often they wore shirts or tunics as well. In some tribes, like the Cherokee and the Apache, the women wore longer buckskin dresses.
The Moccasin
Most Native Americans wore some kind of footwear. This was usually a shoe made of soft leather called a moccasin. In the cold northern areas like Alaska, they wore a thick boot called a mukluk.
Later Changes
When the Europeans arrived many of the American Indian tribes were forced into contact with each other. They began to see how others dressed and took the ideas that they liked. Soon many tribes began to dress more alike. Woven blankets, fringed buckskin tunics and leggings, and feather headdresses became popular among many tribes.
Fun Facts about Native American Clothing
- Prior to the Europeans arriving, American Indians used wood, shells, and bone to make beads to decorate their clothing and make jewelry. Later they would start using the European's glass beads.
- The brain of the animal was sometimes used in the tanning process because of its chemical properties.
- Plains Indians sometimes wore breastplates made of bone for armor when going to war.
- The most popular kind of headdress was not the feathered one you see on TV a lot, but one called a roach. The roach was made from animal hair, generally stiff porcupine hair.
- Elaborate clothes, headdresses, and masks were often used in religious ceremonies.
https://www.ducksters.com/history/native_american_clothing.php
2. What Clothes Did Northeast Native Americans Wear?
Because the Northeast has many different weather patterns, the clothing of Northeast Native Americans depends on the season. In warmer weather most men wore skirt cloths and no shirt. Women would wear skirts and leggings with tops. In colder weather, men and women both wore fur parkas.
http://nativeamericanadventures.weebly.com/northeast.html
3. Native Americans wore simple, loose fitting clothing made from animal skins most of the time. They wore elaborate beaded clothing during ceremonies. Women wore dresses and skirts. Men wore shirts and leggings.
https://www.americanhistoryforkids.com/tag/northeast-woodlands-facts-for-kids/
4. The Abenaki Tribe
Summary and Definition: The Abenaki were farmers hunter gatherers and fishers whose lands stretched from Lake Champlain, the St. Lawrence River basin and south into Maine and northern Massachusetts. The Abenaki lived in wigwams, tepees or longhouses and their clothes were distinguished by the ethnically distinct, pointed or peaked hoods that the Abenaki people wore.
https://www.warpaths2peacepipes.com/indian-tribes/abenaki-tribe.htm
5. What clothes did the Abenaki wear?
The clothes worn by the Abenaki varied according to the season. In the hot, humid summer the men wore breechcloths tucked over a belt that hung to mid-thigh at the back. The breechcloths were often accompanied by leather leggings kept in place with strips of cloth like garters to protect their legs. The leggings tapered towards the ankle and the outside was decorated with a fringe or beadwork. Moccasins were made with a long tongue and a high collar that could be folded up or down. In the wet and snowy winters snowshoes were also worn during the winter. The Abenaki women wore deerskin wraparound skirts or dresses and also wore leggings. In the winter cloaks made from buckskin or other animal skins were worn by both men and women. The Abenaki also wore highly distinctive, embellished pointed or peaked hoods made from birch bark or leather that covered the shoulder decorated with feathers or tufts of animal hair at the point.
https://www.warpaths2peacepipes.com/indian-tribes/abenaki-tribe.htm
6. What was Abenaki clothing like? Did they wear feather headdresses and face paint?
Abenaki men wore breechcloths with leather leggings. Abenaki women wore wraparound deerskin skirts. Shirts were not necessary in Abenaki culture, but in cool weather both genders wore poncho-like blouses. The Abenakis also used moccasins, cloaks, and pointed hoods. Later the Abenakis adapted European costume such as cloth blouses and jackets, decorating them with fancy beadwork. Here are more pictures of Abenaki clothing styles, and some photographs and links about American Indian clothing in general.
The Abenakis didn't wear long warbonnets like the Sioux. Usually they wore a headband with a feather or two in it. Sometimes an Abenaki chief would wear a tall feathered headdress. They did not paint their faces. Abenaki women wore their hair loose or braided on top of their heads, and Abenaki men sometimes put their long hair in topknots. Here are some pictures of these Indian hairstyles.
Some Abenakis today have a traditional cloak or moccasins, but they wear modern clothes like jeans instead of breechcloths... and they only wear feathers in their hair on special occasions like a dance.
Some Abenakis today have a traditional cloak or moccasins, but they wear modern clothes like jeans instead of breechcloths... and they only wear feathers in their hair on special occasions like a dance.
http://www.nativetech.org/clothing/regions/region3.html
7. Most traditional clothing was made of moose and deer hide. The most common clothing was the tunic, loincloth, leggings and moccasins. In winter, bearskins were widely used, especially for capes. For smaller garments such as hats and mittens, muskrat and beaver furs were chosen because of their impermeability.
Clothing worn during ceremonies was often decorated with patterns made from porcupine quills, beads or shells. Some clothes were works of art whose designs were functional for several seasons.
Research Project: Step 2 – Change all of the format to the same font and font size. Delete anything not important. Add space between different ideas.
1. Native American clothing prior to the arrival of Europeans (white people like the Pilgrims) was different depending on the tribe and the climate where the tribe lived.
they used the hides of the animals they hunted for food. deerskin.
made by hand. By women First they would tan the animal skin. (Tanning is a process that would turn the animal skin into leather which would last a long time and not decompose). Then cut and sew the leather into a piece of clothing.
Men often wore no shirts and a breechcloth
Decorations
- feathers, animal fur such as ermine or rabbit, porcupine quills,
- after the Europeans arrived, glass beads to decorate their clothes.
- used wood, shells, and bone to make beads to decorate their clothing and make jewelry.
men
a breechcloth. a piece of material that they tucked into a belt that would cover the front and back. warm all the men wore.
in the winter, the men would wear leggings to cover up and keep their legs warm.
Many men went shirtless much of the year,
only wearing cloaks when it got very cold.
women wore skirts and leggings. shirts or tunics as well.
The Moccasin
a shoe made of soft leather called a moccasin.
cold thick boot called a mukluk.
Later Changes
When the Europeans (white people) arrived , tribes were forced into contact with each other.
see how others dressed and took the ideas that they liked.
tribes began to dress more alike.
Woven blankets, fringed buckskin tunics and leggings, and feather headdresses became popular
Later decorated with the European's glass beads.
Elaborate clothes, headdresses, and masks were often used in religious ceremonies.
Later decorated with the European's glass beads.
Elaborate clothes, headdresses, and masks were often used in religious ceremonies.
https://www.ducksters.com/history/native_american_clothing.php
2. the clothing of Northeast Native Americans depends on the season.
warmer weather men skirt cloths (breech cloths) and no shirt.
Women skirts and leggings with tops.
Colder both wore fur parkas.
http://nativeamericanadventures.weebly.com/northeast.html
3. simple, loose fitting clothing made from animal skins
elaborate beaded clothing during ceremonies.
Women dresses and skirts.
Men shirts and leggings.
https://www.americanhistoryforkids.com/tag/northeast-woodlands-facts-for-kids/
4. Abenaki
farmers hunter gatherers and fishers
clothes distinct, pointed or peaked hoods
https://www.warpaths2peacepipes.com/indian-tribes/abenaki-tribe.htm
5. hot, humid summer men breechcloths over a belt
cool with leather leggings to protect their legs.
outside might be decorated with a fringe or beadwork.
Moccasins were made with a long tongue and a high collar that could be folded up or down.
wet and snowy winters snowshoes
women deerskin wraparound skirts or dresses and leggings.
winter cloaks made from buckskin or other animal skins both men and women.
Abenaki pointed or peaked hoods made from birch bark or leather that covered the shoulder decorated with feathers or tufts of animal hair
https://www.warpaths2peacepipes.com/indian-tribes/abenaki-tribe.htm
6. men breechcloths with leather leggings.
women wraparound deerskin skirts.
in cool weather both poncho-like blouses.
moccasins, cloaks, and pointed hoods.
Later European cloth blouses and jackets, decorating them with fancy beadwork.
Abenakis didn't wear long warbonnets
not paint their faces.
women hair loose or braided on top of their heads
men sometimes long hair in topknots.
Abenakis today
modern clothes like jeans instead of breechcloth
traditional cloak or moccasins
only wear feathers in their hair on special occasions like a dance.
http://www.bigorrin.org/abenaki_kids.htm
7. moose and deer hide.
tunic, loincloth, leggings and moccasins.
winter, bearskin for capes.
hats and mittens, muskrat and beaver furs
during ceremonies decorated with patterns made from porcupine quills, beads or shells
http://www.anishinabenation.ca/en/clothing/
Research Project: Step 3 – Color Code each section of notes from a source with a different highlighting color.
1. Native American clothing prior to the arrival of Europeans (white people like the Pilgrims) was different depending on the tribe and the climate where the tribe lived.
they used the hides of the animals they hunted for food. deerskin.
made by hand. By women First they would tan the animal skin. (Tanning is a process that would turn the animal skin into leather which would last a long time and not decompose). Then cut and sew the leather into a piece of clothing.
Men often wore no shirts and a breechcloth
Decorations
- feathers, animal fur such as ermine or rabbit, porcupine quills,
- after the Europeans arrived, glass beads to decorate their clothes.
- used wood, shells, and bone to make beads to decorate their clothing and make jewelry.
men
a breechcloth. a piece of material that they tucked into a belt that would cover the front and back. warm all the men wore.
in the winter, the men would wear leggings to cover up and keep their legs warm.
Many men went shirtless much of the year,
only wearing cloaks when it got very cold.
women wore skirts and leggings. shirts or tunics as well.
The Moccasin
a shoe made of soft leather called a moccasin.
cold thick boot called a mukluk.
Later Changes
When the Europeans (white people) arrived , tribes were forced into contact with each other.
see how others dressed and took the ideas that they liked.
tribes began to dress more alike.
Woven blankets, fringed buckskin tunics and leggings, and feather headdresses became popular
Later decorated with the European's glass beads.
Elaborate clothes, headdresses, and masks were often used in religious ceremonies.
https://www.ducksters.com/history/native_american_clothing.php
2. the clothing of Northeast Native Americans depends on the season.
warmer weather men skirt cloths (breech cloths) and no shirt.
Women skirts and leggings with tops.
Colder both wore fur parkas.
http://nativeamericanadventures.weebly.com/northeast.html
3. simple, loose fitting clothing made from animal skins
elaborate beaded clothing during ceremonies.
Women dresses and skirts.
Men shirts and leggings.
https://www.americanhistoryforkids.com/tag/northeast-woodlands-facts-for-kids/
4. Abenaki
farmers hunter gatherers and fishers
clothes distinct, pointed or peaked hoods
hot, humid summer men breechcloths over a belt
cool with leather leggings to protect their legs.
outside might be decorated with a fringe or beadwork.
Moccasins were made with a long tongue and a high collar that could be folded up or down.
wet and snowy winters snowshoes
women deerskin wraparound skirts or dresses and leggings.
winter cloaks made from buckskin or other animal skins both men and women.
Abenaki pointed or peaked hoods made from birch bark or leather that covered the shoulder decorated with feathers or tufts of animal hair
+https://www.warpaths2peacepipes.com/indian-tribes/abenaki-tribe.htm
6. men breechcloths with leather leggings.
women wraparound deerskin skirts.
Shirts were not necessary in Abenaki but in cool weather both wore poncho-like blouses.
moccasins, cloaks, and pointed hoods.
Later the Abenakis used European (white people’s) costume such as cloth blouses and jackets, decorating them with fancy beadwork.
The Abenakis wore a headband with a feather or two in it. They did not paint their faces.
Abenaki women hair loose or braided on top of their heads,
men sometimes long hair in topknots.
http://www.bigorrin.org/abenaki_kids.htm
7. moose and deer hide.
tunic, loincloth, leggings and moccasins.
winter, bearskin for capes.
hats and mittens, muskrat and beaver furs
during ceremonies decorated with patterns made from porcupine quills, beads or shells
http://www.anishinabenation.ca/en/clothing/
Research Project: Step 4
– Make your MLA "Works Cited" List
– Copy the web addresses and the color highlights
- Under each "Works Cited" source, make a "In-Text Citation" (author's name, page number) or (first name of source)
Algonquin Anishinabeg Nation Tribal Council. “Clothing”. (n.d.) http://www.anishinabenation.ca/en/clothing/
(Algonquin)
American History for Kids. “Northeast Woodlands”. (n.d.) https://www.americanhistoryforkids.com/tag/northeast-woodlands-facts-for-kids/
(Americanhistoryforkids)
Ducksters. “Native American Clothing”. (n.d.) https://www.ducksters.com/history/native_american_clothing.php
(Ducksters)
Native American Technology and Art. “Regional Overview of Native American Clothing Styles”, Northeast Region - Northern New England Tribes. (n.d.) http://www.nativetech.org/clothing/regions/region3.html
(Nativetech)
Native Languages of the Americas. “Abenaki Indian Fact Sheet”. (n.d.) http://www.bigorrin.org/abenaki_kids.htm
(Native Languages)
War Paths 2 Peace Pipes. “Abenaki Tribe”. (n.d.) https://www.warpaths2peacepipes.com/indian-tribes/abenaki-tribe.htm
(War2Peace)
Weebly. “Native American Adventures”, Northeast. (n.d.) http://nativeamericanadventures.weebly.com/northeast.html
(Weebly)
Research Project – Step 5 – Outline (This is a very rough draft of an outline; it will probably grow and then shrink as the paper develops.)
Topic: Northeast Native American Clothing
- Intro – generalizations with other tribes
- Men’s clothing
- Women’s clothing
- Winter clothing
- Conclusion – unique hoods
Research Project – Step 6 – Move notes to the Outline – Add more paragraph topics as you see the need. If you have the same info from more than one source, only save your favorite info.
Topic: Northeast Native American Clothing
1. Intro – generalizations with other tribes
Native American clothing prior to the arrival of Europeans (white people like the Pilgrims) was different depending on the tribe and the climate where the tribe lived.
Abenaki - farmers hunter gatherers and fishers in the American northeast
2. What clothing was made of
simple, loose fitting clothing made from animal skins
they used the hides of the animals they hunted for food. deerskin. moose and deer hide.
made by hand. By women First they would tan the animal skin. (Tanning is a process that would turn the animal skin into leather which would last a long time and not decompose). Then cut and sew the leather into a piece of clothing.
3. Men’s clothing
the clothing of Northeast Native Americans depends on the season.
warmer weather men skirt cloths (breech cloths) and no shirt.
hot, humid summer men breechcloths over a belt
a breechcloth. a piece of material that they tucked into a belt that would cover the front and back. warm all the men wore.
4. Both:
a shoe made of soft leather called a moccasin.
Moccasins were made with a long tongue and a high collar that could be folded up or down.
5. Women’s clothing
Women dresses and skirts.
women deerskin wraparound skirts or dresses and leggings.
women wore skirts, shirts and leggings or tunics
6. Winter clothing
in the winter, leggings to cover up and keep their legs warm.
only wearing cloaks when it got very cold.
cool with leather leggings to protect their legs.
in cool weather both wore poncho-like blouses.
wet and snowy winters snowshoes
Colder both wore fur parkas.
winter cloaks made from buckskin or other animal skins both men and women.
winter, bearskin for capes.
hats and mittens, muskrat and beaver furs
cold thick boot called a mukluk.
7. Decorations
Decorations
Elaborate clothes, headdresses, and masks were often used in religious ceremonies.
feathers, animal fur such as ermine or rabbit, porcupine quills,
after the Europeans arrived, glass beads to decorate their clothes.
used wood, shells, and bone to make beads to decorate their clothing and make jewelry.
during ceremonies decorated with patterns made from porcupine quills, beads or shells
8. Abenaki tribe unique hoods distinct, pointed or peaked hoods
Abenaki pointed or peaked hoods made from birch bark or leather that covered the shoulder decorated with feathers or tufts of animal hair
The Abenakis wore a headband with a feather or two in it. They did not paint their faces.
Abenaki women hair loose or braided on top of their heads,
men sometimes long hair in topknots.
9. Conclusion – After white people arrived in the 1600’s.
Later Changes
When the Europeans (white people) arrived , many of the American Indian tribes were forced into contact with each other. They began to see how others dressed and took the ideas that they liked. Soon many tribes began to dress more alike. Woven blankets, fringed buckskin tunics and leggings, and feather headdresses became popular among many tribes.
Later decorated with the European's glass beads.
Later the Abenakis used European (white people’s) costume such as cloth blouses and jackets, decorating them with fancy beadwork.
Research Project – Step 7 – Rough Draft - Now write each paragraph under each section in your own words! NO plagiarism (using another person's words without citing your source).
Topic: Northeast Native American Clothing (Abenaki tribe)
Debbie Nelson
Paula Lombardi
EDU 703
Nov. 17, 2019
The Clothing of the Abenaki Tribe in Northeast America
1. Intro – generalizations with other tribes
Native American clothing prior to the arrival of Europeans (white people like the Pilgrims) was different depending on the tribe and the climate where the tribe lived.
Abenaki - farmers hunter gatherers and fishers in the American northeast
Before “white people” like the Pilgrims arrived in America, Native American’s cloths were different by tribes and climate where they lived. The Abenaki tribe were farmers, hunters, fishers, and gatherers who lived in the northeast part of America. The climate varies from hot summers to cold, snowy winters.
2. What clothing was made of
simple, loose fitting clothing made from animal skins
they used the hides of the animals they hunted for food. deerskin.
moose and deer hide. winter, bearskin for capes. hats and mittens, muskrat and beaver furs
made by hand. By women First they would tan the animal skin. (Tanning is a process that would turn the animal skin into leather which would last a long time and not decompose). Then cut and sew the leather into a piece of clothing.
The Abenaki made simple, loose-fitting clothes from the hides of the animals they hunted for food. Deerskin was used the most, but they also used bear, moose, muskrat, and beaver furs. The women made the clothes by hand. They had to tan the animal skin to turn it into leather first, before they could cut and sew it into clothing.
3. Men’s clothing
the clothing of Northeast Native Americans depends on the season.
warmer weather men skirt cloths (breech cloths) and no shirt.
hot, humid summer men breechcloths over a belt
a breechcloth. a piece of material that they tucked into a belt that would cover the front and back.
During the hot, humid summer, Abenaki men would only wear a breechcloth. This was “a piece of leather tucked over a belt that would cover the front and back” (Ducksters).
4. Women’s clothing
Women dresses and skirts.
women deerskin wraparound skirts or dresses and leggings.
women wore skirts, shirts and leggings or tunics
Abenaki women wore deerskin wrap-around skirts and shirts, or dresses and leggings.
5. Both:
a shoe made of soft leather called a moccasin.
Moccasins were made with a long tongue and a high collar that could be folded up or down.
The Abenaki also wore moccasins “made with a long tongue and high collar” that could be folded down during the summer or worn up during the winter like a shoe-boot (War2Peace).
6. Winter clothing
in the winter, leggings to cover up and keep their legs warm.
only wearing cloaks when it got very cold.
cool with leather leggings to protect their legs.
in cool weather both wore poncho-like blouses.
wet and snowy winters snowshoes
Colder both wore fur parkas.
winter cloaks made from buckskin or other animal skins both men and women.
winter, bearskin for capes.
hats and mittens, muskrat and beaver furs
cold thick boot called a mukluk.
During the cold, snowy winters in the northeast, the Abenaki wore leather leggings, poncho-like blouses (Native Languages), and even cloaks made from bear or buckskin. They also made hats, mittens, and thick boots from rabbit, muskrat and beaver furs. If the snow became too deep to walk in, the Abenaki used snowshoes.
7. Decorations
Elaborate clothes, headdresses, and masks were often used in religious ceremonies.
feathers, animal fur such as ermine or rabbit, porcupine quills,
used wood, shells, and bone to make beads to decorate their clothing and make jewelry.
during ceremonies decorated with patterns made from porcupine quills, beads or shells
They did not paint their faces.
The Abenaki decorated their clothes and make jewelry with wood, shells, bone, feathers, and porcupine quills. Like most people, Abenaki decorations were more elaborate if a person was important or for special religious ceremonies. However, the Abenaki did not paint their faces (Native Languages).
8. Abenaki tribe unique hoods distinct, pointed or peaked hoods
Abenaki pointed or peaked hoods made from birch bark or leather that covered the shoulder decorated with feathers or tufts of animal hair
The most unique type of clothing to the Abenaki tribe were its pointed hoods. These distinct hoods were made from leather, or even birch bark, covered their shoulders from rain and wet snow, and were decorated with feathers or tufts of animal fur at their peak (War2Peace).
9. Conclusion – After white people arrived in the 1600’s.
Later Changes
When the Europeans (white people) arrived , many of the American Indian tribes were forced into contact with each other. They began to see how others dressed and took the ideas that they liked. Soon many tribes began to dress more alike. Woven blankets, fringed buckskin tunics and leggings, and feather headdresses became popular among many tribes.
Later decorated with the European's glass beads.
Later the Abenakis used European (white people’s) costume such as cloth blouses and jackets, decorating them with fancy beadwork.
After “white people” arrived in North America the 1600’s, many Native American tribes were forced to move to new places and meet new tribes. “They began to see how others dressed and took the ideas that they liked. Soon many tribes began to dress more alike.” (Ducksters) They also began to use some of the things the “white people” brought with them, such as cloth for shirts and tiny glass beads for decorations.
Research Project – Step 8 – Delete all of your notes.
Debbie Nelson
Paula Lombardi
EDU 703
Nov. 17, 2019
The Clothing of the Abenaki Tribe in Northeast America
Before “white people” like the Pilgrims arrived in America, Native American’s cloths were different by tribes and climate where they lived. The Abenaki tribe were farmers, hunters, fishers, and gatherers who lived in the Northeast part of America. The climate there varies from hot summers to cold, snowy winters.
The Abenaki made simple, loose-fitting clothes from the hides of the animals they hunted for food. Deerskin was used the most, but they also used bear, moose, muskrat, and beaver furs. The women made the clothes by hand. They had to tan the animal skin to turn it into leather first, before they could cut and sew it into clothing.
During the hot, humid summer, Abenaki men only wore a breechcloth. This was “a piece of leather tucked over a belt that covered the front and back” (Ducksters).
Abenaki women wore deerskin wrap-around skirts and shirts, or dresses and leggings.
The Abenaki also wore moccasins “made with a long tongue and high collar” that could be folded down during the summer or worn up during the winter like a shoe-boot (War2Peace).
During the cold, snowy winters in the northeast, the Abenaki wore leather leggings, poncho-like blouses (Native Languages), and even cloaks made from bear or buckskin. They also made hats, mittens, and thick boots from rabbit, muskrat and beaver furs. If the snow became too deep to walk in, the Abenaki used snowshoes.
The Abenaki decorated their clothes and make jewelry with wood, shells, bone, feathers, and porcupine quills. Like most people, Abenaki decorations were more elaborate if a person was important or for special religious ceremonies. However, the Abenaki did not paint their faces (Native Languages).
The most unique type of clothing to the Abenaki tribe were its pointed hoods. These distinct hoods were made from leather, or even birch bark, covered their shoulders from rain and wet snow, and were decorated with feathers or tufts of animal fur at their peak (War2Peace).
After “white people” arrived in North America the 1600’s, many Native American tribes were forced to move to new places and meet new tribes. “They began to see how others dressed and took the ideas that they liked. Soon many tribes began to dress more alike.” (Ducksters) They also began to use some of the things the “white people” brought with them, such as cloth for shirts and tiny glass beads for decorations.
Research Project – Step 9 – Editing to create the Final Draft. Indent each paragraph. Check verb tenses. Did you capitalize the beginning of sentences, and proper nouns? Did you use punctuation to end sentences?
Debbie Nelson
Paula Lombardi
EDU 703
Nov. 17, 2019
The Clothing of the Abenaki Tribe in Northeast America
Before “white people” like the Pilgrims arrived in America, Native American’s cloths were different by tribes and the climate where they lived. The Abenaki tribe were farmers, hunters, fishers, and gatherers who lived in the Northeast part of America. The climate varies from hot, humid summers to cold, snowy winters.
The Abenaki made simple, loose-fitting clothes from the hides of the animals they hunted for food. Deerskin was used the most, but they also used bear, moose, muskrat, and beaver furs. The women made the clothes by hand. They had to tan the animal skin to turn it into leather first, before they could cut and sew it into clothing.
During the hot summers, Abenaki men only wore a breechcloth. This was “a piece of leather tucked over a belt that would cover the front and back” (Ducksters). Abenaki women wore deerskin wrap-around skirts and shirts, or dresses and leggings. The Abenaki also wore moccasins “made with a long tongue and high collar” that could be folded down during the summer or worn up during the winter like a shoe-boot (War2Peace).
During the cold, snowy winters in the northeast, the Abenaki wore leather leggings, poncho-like blouses (Native Languages), and even cloaks made from bear or buckskin. They also made hats, mittens, and thick boots from rabbit, muskrat, or beaver furs. If the snow became too deep to walk in, the Abenaki used snowshoes.
The Abenaki decorated their clothes and made jewelry with wood, shells, bone, feathers, and porcupine quills. Like most people, Abenaki decorations were more elaborate if a person was important or for special religious ceremonies. However, the Abenaki did not paint their faces (Native Languages).
The most unique type of clothing to the Abenaki tribe were its pointed hoods. These distinct hoods were made from leather, or even birch bark, covered their shoulders from rain and wet snow, and were decorated with feathers or tufts of animal fur at their peak (War2Peace).
After “white people” arrived in North America the 1600’s, many Native American tribes were forced to move to new places and meet new tribes. “They began to see how others dressed and took the ideas that they liked. Soon many tribes began to dress more alike.” (Ducksters) They also began to use some of the things the “white people” brought with them, such as cloth for shirts and tiny glass beads for decorations.
Research Project – Works Cited Page (Get rid of highlighting and in-page citing.) Fiddle with margin for hanging indent .) Hanging Indent Settings
Works Cited
Algonquin Anishinabeg Nation Tribal Council. “Clothing”. (n.d.) http://www.anishinabenation.ca/en/clothing/
American History for Kids. “Northeast Woodlands”. (n.d.) https://www.americanhistoryforkids.com/tag/northeast-woodlands-facts-for-kids/
Ducksters. “Native American Clothing”. (n.d.) https://www.ducksters.com/history/native_american_clothing.php
Native American Technology and Art. “Regional Overview of Native American Clothing Styles”, Northeast Region - Northern New England Tribes. (n.d.) http://www.nativetech.org/clothing/regions/region3.html
Native Languages of the Americas. “Abenaki Indian Fact Sheet”. (n.d.) http://www.bigorrin.org/abenaki_kids.htm
War Paths 2 Peace Pipes. “Abenaki Tribe”. (n.d.) https://www.warpaths2peacepipes.com/indian-tribes/abenaki-tribe.htm
Weebly. “Native American Adventures”, Northeast. (n.d.) http://nativeamericanadventures.weebly.com/northeast.html
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Additional Works Cited
Abenaki Couple (Abénakise et Abénaki). (circa 1750-1770). City of Montreal Records Management & Archives, Montreal, Canada. Retrieved from http://archivesdemontreal.com/2016/01/25/chronique-montrealite-no-52-les-amerindiens-de-la-prehistoire-a-la-grande-paix/
Free Clip Art. (n.d.). Concentration. Retrieved from http://www.pdclipart.org
Imagine Easy Solutions. (2014). Citation for Beginners. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CDGdqoCyAtw&feature=youtu.be
Kirschenbaum, M. (2017). MLA Citation Templates: Easy Infographic for Students. EasyBib. Retrieved from www.easybib.com/guides/mla-citation-templates-infographic/
Microsoft. (2019). Create a Hanging Indent. Retrieved from https://support.office.com/en-us/article/create-a-hanging-indent-7bdfb86a-c714-41a8-ac7a-3782a91ccad5#ID0EAABAAA=Windows
Prindle, T. (n.d.) Regional Overview of Native American Clothing Styles, Northeast Region - Northern New England Tribes. Native American Technology and Art. http://www.nativetech.org/clothing/regions/region3.html