https://www.tes.com/lessons/idYLfyVfz8dBJA/les-elements-les-neutrons-les-protons-et-les-electrons

Above, you see an image for a cation and an anion. Ah yes, when an atom loses electrons, it's a cation, which means positive, and when it gains electrons, it's an anion, which is negative.

Woah!

That's a lot of information. Let's see if we can come up with a way to make it a little simpler...